American Scholars Press

Dr. Michael Williams
Editor-in-Chief
Thomas Edison State University, NJ USA

Dr. Linda Sun
Managing Editor
Kennesaw State University, GA, USA

Kriti Raheja is a researcher and academic specializing in quantitative marketing, data science, and mathematics. She is currently pursuing a Ph.D in Marketing at Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, focusing on data-driven decision-making in the digital economy. She holds an MPhil in Mathematics from Delhi University, an MSc in Statistics from the University of Nottingham, and multiple degrees in mathematics and operations research. With over 12 years of teaching experience at Delhi University, she has a strong background in mathematical modelling. Her research explores the applications of AI and reinforcement learning in decision-making and marketing strategy.

In an increasingly competitive mobile shopping landscape, this study explores how personalized, AI-driven product presentations influence purchase intentions. Focusing on shoes and chairs, we examine the effects of human presence, product–environment interaction, and color temperature on consumer responses. Using conjoint analysis with a linear mixed-effects model, our findings show that presentation attributes significantly shape purchase intentions and vary across product categories, underscoring the importance of category-specific strategies. This research highlights the potential of personalized presentations in e-commerce while acknowledging limitations and future directions. The insights provide practical guidance for online retailers aiming to enhance consumer engagement and conversions.

personalized product presentation, artificial intelligence, mobile commerce, purchase intentions.

Dr. José J. Vázquez Cintrón serves as Associate Vice-Chancellor of Technological Innovation and Process Management at Universidad Ana G. Méndez (UAGM), where he leads strategic initiatives to enhance institutional effectiveness through technology-driven solutions. Since 2020, he has focused on streamlining administrative operations, improving student services, and implementing data-informed strategies that align innovation with organizational goals. His expertise includes educational technology, policy development, and performance analytics, with a commitment to fostering continuous improvement and sustainable transformation across higher education environments. jovazquez@uagm.edu Dr. Colleen Ramos is a business professor with over 20 years of experience in student engagement, academic leadership, and retention strategies. She has led the launch and revitalization of undergraduate and graduate programs aligned with academic and industry needs. She brings expertise in instructional design, curricular assessment, and educational operations informed by data-driven practices. Holding a Ph.D in Education and Leadership with a specialization in Human Resource Development, her scholarly interests include higher education policy, organizational leadership, holistic student success, and institutional effectiveness. Dr. Ramos remains active in research mentorship, professional presentations, and promoting inclusive, lifelong learning environments.

Dr. Colleen Ramos is a business professor with over 20 years of experience in student engagement, academic leadership, and retention strategies. She has led the launch and revitalization of undergraduate and graduate programs aligned with academic and industry needs. She brings expertise in instructional design, curricular assessment, and educational operations informed by data-driven practices. Holding a Ph.D in Education and Leadership with a specialization in Human Resource Development, her scholarly interests include higher education policy, organizational leadership, holistic student success, and institutional effectiveness. Dr. Ramos remains active in research mentorship, professional presentations, and promoting inclusive, lifelong learning environments.

Dr. Dawn Valentine, Ph.D., is a faculty member at the Rawls College of Business at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. Dr. Valentine received a Ph.D. in Health Services Administration with a specialization in Marketing from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. She has been teaching at both the undergraduate and graduate levels for over 25 years. 

Dr. Pamelyn Witteman, Ph.D, MSA, MSM. Dr. Witteman is currently an Assistant Professor of Research Methods for PhD, DBA, DIT, and DHA in the School of Business, Technology, and Healthcare Administration at Capella University. Dr. Witteman is also the founder of Data Designz, LLC, where she dives into quantitative consulting. Dr. Witteman has a Ph.D. in Business Management, a Master of Science in Data Analytics, and a Master of Science in Management. She holds certifications in SAS and Tableau and is proficient in various statistical software. drpam@datadesignz.com

Digital transformation enhances business process efficiency, and while practitioners are eager to adopt AI, implementation challenges persist. While the implementation of digital transformation is well-researched, limited attention has been given to factors influencing IT managers' AI adoption. This study uses the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) to examine how performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value, and habit affect managers’ intentions. Data from 96 IT managers overseeing digital transformation efforts were analyzed using linear regression. Results show significant relationships between all six constructs and AI adoption intentions among IT managers.

Artificial intelligence (AI), behavioral intention, digital transformation, UTAUT2, technology acceptance

Matai Blain is a senior undergraduate student at Kennesaw State University who has participated in honors programs under the direct mentorship of the coauthors. He has been trained in Data Visualization Design and Techniques, with practical experience using tools such as Tableau, a leading international platform for data analysis and visualization. In addition to his training, Matai has applied these technologies in collaborative research and academic projects, strengthening his ability to analyze complex data and communicate insights effectively. 

Dr. Max North is a tenured Professor of Management Information Systems & Security in the Business Administration Department. He has been teaching, conducting research and providing community service for Computer Science and Information Systems departments at higher education institutions for more than twenty years. Dr. North has been successfully involved in the research of Human-Computer Interaction/Interface; Information Security and Ethics Awareness; and Virtual Reality Technology. Dr. North is the director of the Immersive Visualization Environments Research Cluster. He has served as principal/co-principal investigator on several research grants sponsored by the Boeing Company, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and the National Security Agency. Dr. North's major contribution to the scientific community is his discovery and continuous research activities in the innovative area of virtual reality technology, which has received international attention and coverage in the scientific community and popular media. 

Dr. Sarah M. North is a tenured faculty member of the Computer Science Department, College of Computing and Software Engineering at Kennesaw State University. Dr. North’s Doctorate and Master degrees are in Educational Technology & Leadership/Administration and Computer Science. She has been teaching, conducting research, and providing K-12 community service in computing areas for over two decades at higher education institutions. She has been successfully involved in research in the areas of human-computer interaction and cognitive science. Additionally, she has several book chapters; and several technically referred scholarly articles nationally and internationally. She also served as principal/co-principal investigator on several research grants sponsored by the Boeing Company, National Science Foundation (NSF), and National Security Agency (NSA).

The main purpose of this research is to explore and analyze financial perception and driving factors within a student population in university environments. Furthermore, this investigation aims to provide an explanation for their financial behavior and identify patterns among the categories of collected data using a dynamic data visualization dashboard. With the results of this study, tailored educational resources can be directed toward the individuals who participated and thus empowering them to better position themselves for financial freedom as they prepare to enter the workforce. Finally, based on the preliminary analysis of the results and conclusions, concise recommendations are provided.

financial perception, higher education, data visualization dashboard

Meriem “Mary” Hamzi is a research and teaching assistant in the Information Systems & Security Department at the Coles College of Business, Kennesaw State University. She manages technical aspects of the Immersive Visualization Environments and Metaverse Research Group, including EEG systems, and supports researchers, students, and participants. She also trained U.S. Army–funded interns in fractal applications across multiple fields. 82 International Management Review Vol. 21 No. 2 2025 

Ebube “Obie” Ezeobi is the lead research and teaching assistant in the Information Systems & Security Department at the Coles College of Business, Kennesaw State University. He oversees the technical operations of the Immersive Visualization Environments and Metaverse Research Group, including EEG systems, and manages other research assistants. He supports researchers, students, and participants while also training U.S. Army–funded interns in fractal research and software development and implementation. 

Dr. Sarah M. North is a tenured faculty member of the Computer Science Department, College of Computing and Software Engineering at Kennesaw State University. Dr. North’s Doctorate and Master degrees are in Educational Technology & Leadership/Administration and Computer Science. She has been teaching, conducting research, and providing K-12 community service in computing areas for over two decades at higher education institutions. She has been successfully involved in research in the areas of human-computer interaction and cognitive science. Additionally, she has several book chapters; and several technically referred scholarly articles nationally and internationally. She also served as principal/co-principal investigator on several research grants sponsored by the Boeing Company, National Science Foundation (NSF), and National Security Agency (NSA).

Dr. Eric Stachura is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Kennesaw State University. He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Temple University in 2016. His research interests include mathematical methods in electromagnetism and geometric optics. In 2020 he was awarded an American-Scandinavian Foundation fellowship, and in Spring 2021 he was a Visiting Fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics in Bilbao, Spain. In 2024 he was awarded a grant from the Army Research Office to study wave propagation in complex media. As part of this project, in Summer 2025, he hosted two summer research interns at KSU through the Army Educational Outreach Program (AEOP).

Dr. Max North is a tenured Professor of Management Information Systems & Security in the Business Administration Department. He has been teaching, conducting research and providing community service for Computer Science and Information Systems departments at higher education institutions for more than twenty years. Dr. North has been successfully involved in the research of Human-Computer Interaction/Interface; Information Security and Ethics Awareness; and Virtual Reality Technology. Dr. North is the director of the Immersive Visualization Environments Research Cluster. He has served as principal/co-principal investigator on several research grants sponsored by the Boeing Company, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and the National Security Agency. Dr. North's major contribution to the scientific community is his discovery and continuous research activities in the innovative area of virtual reality technology, which has received international attention and coverage in the scientific community and popular media.

The main aim of this article is to concisely describe and explore fractals and their applications across diverse domains. It also briefly demonstrates how to generate fractals using standard, yet sophisticated, software. Fractals are self-similar patterns that repeat at different scales. A concise description of fractals and their origins is provided, followed by an exploration of their applications across selected domains such as computer science, information systems, mathematics, physics, biology, medicine, engineering, technology, natural and earth sciences, economics, society, and even spiritual thought. Finally, the article presents the associated challenges, outlines future directions, and offers a concise conclusion. A basic guide to fractal software generation is also included.

fractals, fractal applications, fractal generation, mathematical modeling

Dr. Christopher Galuppo resides in California and earned his DM and MBA from University of Phoenix. He works as a Planning Manager for a Military subcontractor where he leads a team managing the master plan for production manufacturing. Dr. Galuppo served in the US Navy for five years as a Nuclear Engineer. 

Dr. Julie Overbey resides in Nebraska and earned her Ph.D. from Northcentral University. She is a Dissertation Chair and staff faculty member in the University of Phoenix College of Doctoral Studies Doctor of Management and Doctor of Business Administration programs. Dr. Overbey works as a contract negotiator at a multinational IT firm negotiating large IT integration deals. Dr. Overbey served in the US Air Force for over 20 years.

Despite 80 years of women in the workforce, lack of gender diversity continues to be an issue. Specifically, STEM corporations are not improving gender diversity as effectively as non STEM corporations resulting in fewer women initially hired and an underrepresentation of female managers in STEM corporations. This Delphi study was designed to gain a consensus of opinion from a panel of experts from STEM corporations on strategies to improve gender diversity and increase representation of female managers. Hiring managers at STEM corporations can use the findings of this study to improve the gender diversity of their future workforce.

gender equity, women in STEM, retention of women, recruitment of women

Dr. Sange Gombu is an Assistant Professor in Commerce at Government College, Bomdila, Arunachal Pradesh, India. His research and teaching interests are in the areas of accounting, tourism, and hospitality studies. He obtained his Ph.D. in Tourism and Hospitality from Rajiv Gandhi Central University, Doimukh, India. Dr. Gombu has presented six research papers at national and international seminars/conferences and has published four papers in reputed international journals. He successfully completed a Four-Week Orientation Course at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, and Refresher Courses from Sardar Patel University, Anand; University of Madras; and University of Mumbai. He has also attended a One-Week Summer School at Coventry University, United Kingdom (sponsored by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh) and a One-Week Leadership Course at IIM Bangalore. He currently serves as an Institute Nodal Officer for AISHE, Institute Coordinator for RUSA, Nodal Officer for the National Scholarship Portal (NSP), and Academic Counsellor at IGNOU. He is also actively contributing to societal and community development activities in various capacities.

The hospitality and tourism industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide, accounting for nearly 10% of global employment. According to WTTC reports, in 2024 the sector contributed 10% to global GDP, totaling US$10.9 trillion. This includes direct, indirect, and induced impacts, compared to 10.4% of global GDP in 2019. In India, travel and tourism contributed 5% of GDP in 2023, attracting millions of visitors to its 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Arunachal Pradesh, located in India’s easternmost region and often referred to as the "Orchid State of India," is notable for its rich biodiversity, unique topography, and cultural diversity. These features, combined with its historical monuments and traditional events, give the state significant tourism potential. The Tezpur–Bhalukpong–Bomdila–Tawang tourist circuit, the most popular and oldest in Arunachal Pradesh, offers stunning landscapes, panoramic mountain views, and serene villages, making it a distinctive and thrilling destination. The circuit is home to Asia’s second-largest monastery in Tawang, over 200 species of orchids, and breathtaking views of snow capped peaks and lush valleys that attract travelers for both adventure and leisure. India’s tourism and hospitality industry is thus emerging as a key driver of growth in the services sector. In this context, the present study examines recent trends in the hospitality and tourism industry of the Tezpur–Bhalukpong–Bomdila–Tawang circuit to assess its market potential and forecast future growth. Regression trend analysis and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) were applied to predict future trends and measure long-term expansion. In addition, the Granger causality test was used to analyze the relationship between tourism and economic growth in India.

hospitality industry, accommodation, trend analysis, granger causality test, attractions, and tourist circuit